Key Findings:

• Psychosocial support for men and boys is deprioritised in social services.
• Funding for programmes aimed at men and boys is difficult to secure and currently runs the risk of redirecting funds away from much-needed services for women and girls.
• There is a clear need to increase the visibility of male trauma and its implications through policymaking and research.
• Innovative programming allows for mainstreaming of PSS interventions into broader livelihood programmes and context-specific services.
• Participants report a reduction in community and domestic violence.
• Applying a masculinity lens to PSS delivery is critical to uptake and impact.
  • Using mental health terminology risks deterring participation. Instead, labelling sessions with more neutral terminology, such as ‘group workshop’ or ‘training session’, can help avoid stigma.
  • Group workshops are important to avoid stigma and create a space for men to share narratives and ‘vent’. However, for LGBT men or men who have suffered sexual violence, individual counselling may be more appropriate.
  • Organisations noted the importance of male facilitators in all-male group workshops.
  • Appropriate scheduling is crucial in a context where men are seen as the main breadwinners and have employment commitments.
• Engaging with moral injury-induced trauma can be beneficial in certain circumstances.
• Local legitimacy in programme design is vital to ensure effective engagement.