This policy brief examines whether Hezbollah can be sustainably demilitarised amid escalating regional conflict, and what minimum conditions would need to be met for such a process to hold. Drawing on recent interviews with Hezbollah members, southern Lebanese residents and state officials, it moves beyond technical debates over weapons handovers to focus on the deeper political, social and security dynamics that sustain armed mobilisation. The brief argues that durable progress depends on the Lebanese state demonstrating credible guarantees of security, livelihoods and dignity for communities long shaped by conflict and state absence.

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