This policy brief explores the psychological drivers shaping participation in peaceful and violent protest, drawing on large‑scale research from Iraq’s Tishreen movement and comparative insights from other conflict‑affected contexts. Challenging standard models of political mobilisation, the brief highlights the role of emotional and personal factors – particularly moral outrage and recent personal adversity – in shaping high‑risk political action. It offers policymakers evidence‑based insights into how psychological and experiential dynamics can be addressed to prevent violence and support peaceful political engagement.

Download the policy brief